Predictive unactioned mobile notification processing

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the present invention provide an approach for processing a notification on a mobile device. In an embodiment, a set of classifications is assigned to a notification received by a user on a mobile device. An expected response action and an expected response time specific to the user is derived based on a comparison of the set of classifications assigned to the notification with a set of prior response profiles in a notification tracking repository. If the user does not perform a response action within the expected response time, the notification is reissued to the user.

The present patent document is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/462,104, filed Mar. 17, 2017, entitled “PREDICTIVEUNACTIONED MOBILE NOTIFICATION PROCESSING”, the disclosure of which isincorporated herein by reference. The subject matter of this inventionrelates generally to communications management. More specifically,aspects of the present invention provide a solution for processing anotification on a mobile device.

TECHNICAL FIELD Background

In the information technology (IT) environment of today, mobilenotifications continue to be adopted in ever increasing numbers bymobile app developers. Mobile apps that utilize push notificationstypically drive additional engagement. Last year, for example, users whoenabled push notifications launched an application (app) an average of14 times per month. In contrast, users who did not enable pushnotifications only launched an app five times per month. The commonresult for mobile users is a growing number of push notificationsreceived on their mobile devices and smart watches.

Some mobile notifications contain content that is purely informational(e.g., a notification stating your favorite team has scored a goal), andothers are intended to invoke an action from the user (e.g., anotification of an incoming text message that may require a reply). Someexamples of these actions may include a textual reply in response to aquestion or a “like” indication in response to a statement. In manycases, a user receives the notification and responds with an actionimmediately. In other cases, the user may delay the action andultimately, without anything to remind them, forget to perform theaction.

SUMMARY

In general, aspects of the present invention provide an approach forprocessing a notification on a mobile device. In an embodiment, a set ofclassifications is assigned to a notification received by a user on amobile device. An expected response action and an expected response timespecific to the user is derived based on a comparison of the set ofclassifications assigned to the notification with a set of priorresponse profiles in a notification tracking repository. If the userdoes not perform a response action within the expected response time,the notification is reissued to the user.

One aspect of the invention provides a method for processing anotification on a mobile device, comprising: assigning, using acognitive computer system, a set of classifications to a notificationreceived by a user on a mobile device; deriving, using the cognitivecomputer system, a user-specific expected response action and anexpected response time for the notification based on a comparison of theset of classifications assigned to the notification with a set of priorresponse profiles in a notification tracking repository; determiningwhether the response action has occurred during the expected responsetime; and reissuing the notification in response to a determination thatthe expected response action has not occurred during the expectedresponse time.

Another aspect of the invention provides a system for processing anotification on a mobile device, comprising: a memory medium comprisinginstructions; a bus coupled to the memory medium; and a processorcoupled to the bus that when executing the instructions causes thesystem to perform a method, comprising: assigning, using a cognitivecomputer system, a set of classifications to a notification received bya user on a mobile device; deriving, using the cognitive computersystem, a user-specific expected response action and an expectedresponse time for the notification based on a comparison of the set ofclassifications assigned to the notification with a set of priorresponse profiles in a notification tracking repository; determiningwhether the response action has occurred during the expected responsetime; and reissuing the notification in response to a determination thatthe expected response action has not occurred during the expectedresponse time.

Yet another aspect of the invention provides a computer program productembodied in a computer readable medium that, when executed by a computerdevice, performs a method for processing a notification on a mobiledevice, the method comprising: assigning, using a cognitive computersystem, a set of classifications to a notification received by a user ona mobile device; deriving, using the cognitive computer system, auser-specific expected response action and an expected response time forthe notification based on a comparison of the set of classificationsassigned to the notification with a set of prior response profiles in anotification tracking repository; determining whether the responseaction has occurred during the expected response time; and reissuing thenotification in response to a determination that the expected responseaction has not occurred during the expected response time.

Still yet, any of the components of the present invention could bedeployed, managed, serviced, etc., by a service provider who offers toimplement passive monitoring in a computer system.

Embodiments of the present invention also provide related systems,methods, and/or program products.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features of this invention will be more readilyunderstood from the following detailed description of the variousaspects of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings in which:

FIG. 1 depicts a data processing system according to an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 2 depicts a system diagram according to an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 3 depicts an example mobile device according to an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 4 depicts an example data flow diagram according to an embodimentof the present invention;

FIG. 5 depicts an example data flow diagram according to an embodimentof the present invention; and

FIG. 6 depicts an example process flowchart according to an embodimentof the present invention.

The drawings are not necessarily to scale. The drawings are merelyschematic representations, not intended to portray specific parametersof the invention. The drawings are intended to depict only typicalembodiments of the invention, and therefore should not be considered aslimiting the scope of the invention. In the drawings, like numberingrepresents like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Illustrative embodiments will now be described more fully herein withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments are shown.This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms andshould not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will bethorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of this disclosureto those skilled in the art. In the description, details of well-knownfeatures and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuringthe presented embodiments.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this disclosure.As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. Furthermore, the use of the terms “a”, “an”, etc., do notdenote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of atleast one of the referenced items. The term “set” is intended to mean aquantity of at least one. It will be further understood that the terms“comprises” and/or “comprising”, or “includes” and/or “including”, whenused in this specification, specify the presence of stated features,regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, butdo not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features,regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/orgroups thereof.

As indicated above, aspects of the present invention provide an approachfor processing a notification on a mobile device. In an embodiment, aset of classifications is assigned to a notification received by a useron a mobile device. An expected response action and an expected responsetime specific to the user is derived based on a comparison of the set ofclassifications assigned to the notification with a set of priorresponse profiles in a notification tracking repository. If the userdoes not perform a response action within the expected response time,the notification is reissued to the user.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a schematic of an example of a data processingsystem is shown. Data processing system 10 is only one example of asuitable data processing system and is not intended to suggest anylimitation as to the scope of use or functionality of embodiments of theinvention described herein. Regardless, data processing system 10 iscapable of being implemented and/or performing any of the functionalityset forth hereinabove.

In data processing system 10, there is a computer system/server 12,which is operational with numerous other general purpose or specialpurpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples ofwell-known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations thatmay be suitable for use with computer system/server 12 include, but arenot limited to, personal computer systems, server computer systems, thinclients, thick clients, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessorsystems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmableconsumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputer systems, mainframecomputer systems, and distributed cloud computing environments thatinclude any of the above systems or devices, and the like.

Computer system/server 12 may be described in the general context ofcomputer system-executable instructions, such as program modules, beingexecuted by a computer system. Generally, program modules may includeroutines, programs, objects, components, logic, data structures, and soon that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract datatypes. Computer system/server 12 may be practiced in distributed cloudcomputing environments where tasks are performed by remote processingdevices that are linked through a communications network. In adistributed cloud computing environment, program modules may be locatedin both local and remote computer system storage media including memorystorage devices.

As shown in FIG. 1, computer system/server 12 in data processing system10 is shown in the form of a general-purpose computing device. Thecomponents of computer system/server 12 may include, but are not limitedto, one or more processors or processing units 16, a system memory 28,and a bus 18 that couples various system components including systemmemory 28 to processor 16.

Bus 18 represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures,including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, anaccelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of avariety of bus architectures. By way of example, and not limitation,such architectures include Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus,Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, VideoElectronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and PeripheralComponent Interconnects (PCI) bus.

Computer system/server 12 typically includes a variety of computersystem readable media. Such media may be any available media that isaccessible by computer system/server 12, and it includes both volatileand non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media.

System memory 28 can include computer system readable media in the formof volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) 30 and/or cachememory 32. Computer system/server 12 may further include otherremovable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer system storagemedia. By way of example only, storage system 34 can be provided forreading from and writing to a non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media(not shown and typically called a “hard drive”). Although not shown, amagnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable,non-volatile magnetic disk (e.g., a “floppy disk”), and an optical diskdrive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile opticaldisk such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, or other optical media can be provided.In such instances, each can be connected to bus 18 by one or more datamedia interfaces. As will be further depicted and described below,memory 28 may include at least one program product having a set (e.g.,at least one) of program modules that are configured to carry out thefunctions of embodiments of the invention.

Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmittedusing any appropriate medium including, but not limited to, wireless,wireline, optical fiber cable, radio-frequency (RF), etc., or anysuitable combination of the foregoing.

Program/utility 40, having a set (at least one) of program modules 42,may be stored in memory 28 by way of example, and not limitation, aswell as an operating system, one or more application programs, otherprogram modules, and program data. Each of the operating system, one ormore application programs, other program modules, and program data orsome combination thereof, may include an implementation of a networkingenvironment. Program modules 42 generally carry out the functions and/ormethodologies of embodiments of the invention as described herein.

Computer system/server 12 may also communicate with one or more externaldevices 14 such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a display 24, etc.;one or more devices that enable a consumer to interact with computersystem/server 12; and/or any devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.)that enable computer system/server 12 to communicate with one or moreother computing devices. Such communication can occur via I/O interfaces22. Still yet, computer system/server 12 can communicate with one ormore networks such as a local area network (LAN), a general wide areanetwork (WAN), and/or a public network (e.g., the Internet) via networkadapter 20. As depicted, network adapter 20 communicates with the othercomponents of computer system/server 12 via bus 18. It should beunderstood that although not shown, other hardware and/or softwarecomponents could be used in conjunction with computer system/server 12.Examples include, but are not limited to: microcode, device drivers,redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems,tape drives, and data archival storage systems, etc.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a system diagram describing the functionalitydiscussed herein according to an embodiment of the present invention isshown. It is understood that the teachings recited herein may bepracticed within any type of networked computing environment 70 (e.g., acloud computing environment). A stand-alone computer system/server 12 isshown in FIG. 2 for illustrative purposes only. In the event theteachings recited herein are practiced in a networked computingenvironment 70, each mobile device 84 need not have a notificationprocessing engine (hereinafter “system 72”). Rather, system 72 could beloaded on a server or server-capable device that communicates (e.g.,wirelessly) with mobile device 84 to provide notification processingtherefor. Regardless, as depicted, system 72 is shown within computersystem/server 12. In general, system 72 can be implemented asprogram/utility 40 on computer system 12 of FIG. 1 and can enable thefunctions recited herein. It is further understood that system 72 may beincorporated within or work in conjunction with any type of system thatreceives, processes, and/or executes commands with respect to ITresources in a networked computing environment. Such other system(s)have not been shown in FIG. 2 for brevity purposes.

Along these lines, system 72 may perform multiple functions similar to ageneral-purpose computer. Specifically, among other functions, system 72can process a notification 82 on a mobile device 84 in a networkedcomputing environment 70. To accomplish this, system 72 can include: aclassification assigning module 90, a response deriving module 92, anaction determining module 94, and a notification reissuing module 96.

Referring now to FIG. 3, an example mobile device 84 is shown accordingto an embodiment of the invention. Mobile device 84 may be a smartphone, smart music player, smart watch, tablet, personal digitalassistant, or any other device capable of receiving a notification 82B,82N. To accomplish this task, mobile device 84 may have one or moreapplications 110, some or all of which (e.g., App B., App. N) arecapable of receiving a notification 82B, 82N. These applications mayinclude applications corresponding to social media websites likeFacebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn (Facebook is a registered trademark ofFacebook Inc., Twitter is a registered trademark of Twitter Inc.,LinkedIn is a registered trademark of LinkedIn Corporation).Additionally, or in the alternative, these applications may includeapplications for processing email, short message service (SMS), and/orthe like. These applications 110 may display an indicator 112 inresponse to the receipt of a notification 82N. Alternatively, any othersolution for receiving a notification 82N on a mobile device 84 isincluded within the scope and spirit of the invention.

The inventors of the invention described herein have discovered certaindeficiencies in the current solutions for processing a notification 82N.For example, once a notification 82N has been accessed, the indicator112 associated with the notification 82N is usually removed by theapplication 110. This is usually the case whether or not an action hasbeen taken by the user 80 (FIG. 2) in response to the notification 82N.As a result, a user 80 (FIG. 2) who wants to respond to a notification82N but cannot or does not want to (e.g., because the user is busy,etc.) respond immediately may forget to do so later. This may causemisunderstandings or antipathy between the user 80 (FIG. 2) and thesender of the notification 82N.

Referring again to FIG. 2, classification assigning module 90 of system72, as executed by computer system/server 12, is configured to assign aset of classifications 86A-N to notification 82 received by user 80 on amobile device 84. In order to do this, notification 82 is analyzed inorder to determine specific characteristics of the notification 82.These characteristics could include a sender 122 (FIG. 3) of thenotification 82. These characteristics could further include a sendingapplication 124 (FIG. 3) used to send the notification. Still further,these characteristics could include information contained in theinformational content 126 (FIG. 3) of the notification 82. In any case,the set of classifications 86A-N can be assigned using a cognitivecomputer system (e.g., IBM's Watson Analytics or Watson PersonalityInsights (Watson and IBM are trademarks of International BusinessMachines Corporation)) or using any other solution.

Referring now to FIG. 4, an example data flow diagram 200 is shownaccording to embodiments of the invention. As shown in data flow diagram200, in conjunction with FIG. 2, an in-app or push notification 202(hereafter notification 202) that has been received by user 80 on mobiledevice 84 is forwarded to a cognitive system 210. This forwarding can beperformed in response to the receipt of notification 202 on mobiledevice 84. Additionally or in the alternative, this forwarding can beperformed in response to an action taken by user 80 with respect tonotification 202 (e.g., opening, viewing, etc.) without performing aresponse action.

In any case, in order to assign a set of classifications 86A-N tonotification 202, cognitive system 210 can utilize one or more of thefollowing: natural language processing 212, natural language classifier214, tone analyzer 216, and/or visual insights 218. Natural languageprocessing 212 is used to break down the keywords that indicate themeaning of the notification. For example, a notification 82 (e.g., atweet) containing the text “thanks for following me” and “thx for thefollow” can be derived to mean the same thing. Natural languageclassifier 214 classifies messages into a set of classes, such asevents, news, and opinions. For example, using natural languageclassifier 214, cognitive system 210 can determine if a notification 82is a question, a comment, or a piece of news based on the punctuation,tone, context, source, historical similarity, and/or the like.

Tone analyzer 216 analyzes notification 82 to determine its emotion,language style, and social tendencies. For example, using tone analyzer216, cognitive system 210 can determine if the content 126 (FIG. 3) ofnotification 82 represents an angry emotion or tentative language style.Visual insights 218 analyzes pictures in notification 82 to classifywhat is shown in the picture. For example, for a notification 82containing a picture, cognitive system 210 can use visual insights 218(e.g., known landmarks, metadata, historical data, and/or the like) todetermine what or who is pictured.

In any case, using these tools and/or others, cognitive system 210 canassign one or more classifications 286 to notification 82. Onceassigned, these classifications 286 can be stored in a notificationtracking repository 234 (e.g., in storage system 34).

Referring again to FIG. 2, response deriving module 92 of system 72, asexecuted on computer system/server 12, is configured to derive anexpected response action 88A-N and an expected response time for thenotification 82 that is specific to the user 80. This derivation can bedone using cognitive system 210 (FIG. 4) and is performed based on acomparison of the set of classifications 286 assigned to thenotification 82 with a set of prior response profiles in notificationtracking repository 234.

Referring now to FIG. 5, an example data flow diagram 300 for formingnotification tracking repository 234 is shown according to embodimentsof the invention. As shown in data flow diagram 300, in conjunction withFIG. 2, an action taken by user 80 to in-app or push notification 304(hereafter action 304) is forwarded to cognitive system 210. This action304 can be one of a plurality of responses by user 80 to priornotifications 82. To this extent, each action 304 can be forwarded tocognitive system 210 as it is made by user 80 or, alternatively,multiple actions 304 previously made by user 80 can be stored andforwarded to cognitive system 210 in a batch.

In any case, the action 304 that is forwarded to cognitive system 210may be immediate (e.g., the user responds directly to the notification82) or may be delayed (the user launches the Twitter app a day later,goes to the notification tab, selects the notification 82 and respondsto it). As with the assigning of the set of classifications to thenotification 202 (FIG. 4), the prior notification 82 associated with theaction 304 performed by the user may be analyzed by cognitive system210. This analysis can include the sender 122 and sending application124 (FIG. 3) of the notification 82. Additionally, cognitive system 210can analyze the notification using the natural language processing 212,natural language classifier 214, tone analyzer 216, and/or visualinsights 218 described above.

Then the classification 286 of the prior notification 82 can be storedin notification tracking repository 234 along with the correspondingaction 388. There can be multiples types of action. For example, asimple action can be defined as a basic action such as clicking a “Like”or “Retweet” button and does not require further analysis by cognitivesystem 210. In contrast, an advanced action (e.g., an action thatinvolves more than a button press, such as replying to a tweet) mayrequire analysis by cognitive system 210, which may use the sametechniques as described above. The resultant action 388 can be stored innotification tracking repository 234, along with the time (e.g., delay)it took the user to perform the action.

Response deriving module 92 uses these classifications 286 and actions388 in notification tracking repository 234 to derive the expectedaction and expected response time for the user. In an embodiment, theclassifications 286 assigned to the notifications 202 of the user 80 bycognitive system 210 are obtained. These notifications are then groupedby cognitive system 210 based on classification 286 assigned to thenotification 82 using any solution. Then, a prior response profile forthe assigned classification is created by cognitive system 210 based onthe grouping. Finally, the expected response action and the expectedresponse time are generated for the prior response profile based on theactions 388 corresponding to the notifications 82 in the assignedclassification. Additionally, a confidence level may be associated withthe expected response action and the expected response time in the priorresponse profile.

The classification(s) of the received notification 82 is compared to theresponse profiles to yield an expected response and expected responsetime that best reflects what is expected for the notification, and,optionally, a confidence level. For example, assume that user 80receives notification of a tweet demonstrating urgent emotion and@mentioning the user. In the example, based on previous actions taken bythe user 80, the system can predict the following: predicted action—userwill reply to the tweet with a textual response; expected responsetime—0.1 minutes to 1 hour; and confidence level—0.86. Alternatively,assume that user 80 receives notification of a SMS message that does notdemonstrate urgent emotion but asks a question. Based on previousactions taken by the user 80, the system can predict the following:predicted action—user will reply to the SMS message with a textualresponse; expected response time—0.1 minutes to 2 hours; and confidencelevel—0.91. Alternatively, assume that user 80 receives notification ofa reply to a social media post originally made by user. Based onprevious actions taken by the user 80, the system can predict thefollowing: predicted action—user will reply to the post with a “Like”indication; expected response time—0.1 minutes to 1.5 hours; andconfidence level—0.72.

Referring again to FIG. 2, action determine module 94 of system 72, asexecuted on computer system/server 12, is configured to determinewhether the user 80 has performed an action in response to thenotification 82 within the expected response time. The system continuesto monitor activity, looking for the user 80 to complete the actionpredicted by response deriving module 92 in response to the receivednotification 80. If user 80 performs a response action within this time,there is no need to reissue the notification 82 and the response actionand response time can be analyzed by cognitive system 210 and recordedin notification tracking repository 234 in order to improve the derivingof expected response actions and expected response times for futurenotifications 82.

Notification reissuing module 96 of system 72, as executed on computersystem/server 12, is configured to reissue notification 82 in responseto a determination by action determining module 94 that the expectedresponse action has not occurred within the expected response time. Inan embodiment, for predicted actions with a sufficiently high confidencelevel, if a predicted action is not taken within the predicted timeframe notification, reissuing module 96 can reissue the notification 82to attract the user's 80 attention. Optionally, notification reissuingmodule 96 can provide insight data alongside the notification. Forexample, referring again to the example above in which an urgent tweetwas received, notification reissuing module 96 may reissue thenotification 82 together with the statement: “You typically reply totweets like this within 1 hour (86% confidence level)”. If user 80performs a response action, the response action and response time can beanalyzed by cognitive system 210 and recorded in notification trackingrepository 234 in order to improve the deriving of expected responseactions and expected response times for future notifications 82.Further, if user 80 does not perform a response action, this fact canalso be analyzed by cognitive system 210 and recorded in notificationtracking repository 234 in order to improve the deriving of expectedresponse actions and expected response times for future notifications82.

Referring now to FIG. 6 in conjunction with FIG. 2, a process flowchart400 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. At410, classification assigning module 90 of system 72, as executed bycomputer system/server 12, uses cognitive system 210 (FIG. 4) to assigna set of classifications 286 to notification 82 received by user 80 onmobile device 84. At 420, response deriving module 92, as executed bycomputer system/server 12, uses cognitive system 210 (FIG. 4) to derivea user-specific expected response action and an expected response timefor the notification 82. This derivation is based on a comparison of theset of classifications assigned to notification 82 with a set of priorresponse profiles in notification tracking repository 234 (FIG. 4). At430, action determining module 94, as executed by computer system/server12, determines whether the response action has occurred during theexpected response time. Finally, at 440, notification reissuing module,as executed by computer system/server 12, reissues notification 82 touser 80 in response to a negative determination in 430.

The process flowchart of FIG. 6 illustrates the architecture,functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems,methods, and computer program products according to various embodimentsof the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchartmay represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises oneor more executable instructions for implementing the specified logicalfunction(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the blocks might occur out ofthe order depicted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown insuccession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently. It willalso be noted that each block of flowchart illustration can beimplemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform thespecified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

While shown and described herein as an approach for processing anotification on a mobile device, it is understood that the inventionfurther provides various alternative embodiments. For example, in oneembodiment, the invention provides a method that performs the process ofthe invention on a subscription, advertising, and/or fee basis. That is,a service provider, such as a Solution Integrator, could offer toprovide functionality for processing a notification on a mobile device.In this case, the service provider can create, maintain, support, etc.,a computer infrastructure, such as computer system 12 (FIG. 1) thatperforms the processes of the invention for one or more consumers. Inreturn, the service provider can receive payment from the consumer(s)under a subscription and/or fee agreement and/or the service providercan receive payment from the sale of advertising content to one or morethird parties.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a computer-implementedmethod for processing a notification on a mobile device. In this case, acomputer infrastructure, such as computer system 12 (FIG. 1), can beprovided and one or more systems for performing the processes of theinvention can be obtained (e.g., created, purchased, used, modified,etc.) and deployed to the computer infrastructure. To this extent, thedeployment of a system can comprise one or more of: (1) installingprogram code on a computing device, such as computer system 12 (FIG. 1),from a computer-readable medium; (2) adding one or more computingdevices to the computer infrastructure; and (3) incorporating and/ormodifying one or more existing systems of the computer infrastructure toenable the computer infrastructure to perform the processes of theinvention.

Some of the functional components described in this specification havebeen labeled as systems or units in order to more particularly emphasizetheir implementation independence. For example, a system or unit may beimplemented as a hardware circuit comprising custom VLSI circuits orgate arrays, off-the-shelf semiconductors such as logic chips,transistors, or other discrete components. A system or unit may also beimplemented in programmable hardware devices such as field programmablegate arrays, programmable array logic, programmable logic devices or thelike. A system or unit may also be implemented in software for executionby various types of processors. A system or unit or component ofexecutable code may, for instance, comprise one or more physical orlogical blocks of computer instructions, which may, for instance, beorganized as an object, procedure, or function. Nevertheless, theexecutables of an identified system or unit need not be physicallylocated together, but may comprise disparate instructions stored indifferent locations which, when joined logically together, comprise thesystem or unit and achieve the stated purpose for the system or unit.

Further, a system or unit of executable code could be a singleinstruction, or many instructions, and may even be distributed overseveral different code segments, among different programs, and acrossseveral memory devices. Similarly, operational data may be identifiedand illustrated herein within modules, and may be embodied in anysuitable form and organized within any suitable type of data structure.The operational data may be collected as a single data set, or may bedistributed over different locations including over different storagedevices and disparate memory devices.

Furthermore, systems/units may also be implemented as a combination ofsoftware and one or more hardware devices. For instance, system 72 maybe embodied in the combination of a software executable code stored on amemory medium (e.g., memory storage device). In a further example, asystem or unit may be the combination of a processor that operates on aset of operational data.

As noted above, some of the embodiments may be embodied in hardware. Thehardware may be referenced as a hardware element. In general, a hardwareelement may refer to any hardware structures arranged to perform certainoperations. In one embodiment, for example, the hardware elements mayinclude any analog or digital electrical or electronic elementsfabricated on a substrate. The fabrication may be performed usingsilicon-based integrated circuit (IC) techniques, such as complementarymetal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), bipolar, and bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS)techniques, for example. Examples of hardware elements may includeprocessors, microprocessors, circuits, circuit elements (e.g.,transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and so forth), integratedcircuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), programmablelogic devices (PLD), digital signal processors (DSP), field programmablegate array (FPGA), logic gates, registers, semiconductor devices, chips,microchips, chip sets, and so forth. However, the embodiments are notlimited in this context.

Also noted above, some embodiments may be embodied in software. Thesoftware may be referenced as a software element. In general, a softwareelement may refer to any software structures arranged to perform certainoperations. In one embodiment, for example, the software elements mayinclude program instructions and/or data adapted for execution by ahardware element, such as a processor. Program instructions may includean organized list of commands comprising words, values, or symbolsarranged in a predetermined syntax that, when executed, may cause aprocessor to perform a corresponding set of operations.

The present invention may also be a computer program product. Thecomputer program product may include a computer readable storage medium(or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon forcausing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media/(e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in anycombination of one or more programming languages, including an objectoriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, andconventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language or similar programming languages. The computerreadable program instructions may execute entirely on the user'scomputer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone softwarepackage, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computeror entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario,the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through anytype of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide areanetwork (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer(for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example,programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), orprogrammable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readableprogram instructions by utilizing state information of the computerreadable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry,in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer,other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computerimplemented process, such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement thefunctions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block orblocks.

It is apparent that there has been provided approaches for processing anotification on a mobile device. While the invention has beenparticularly shown and described in conjunction with exemplaryembodiments, it will be appreciated that variations and modificationswill occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it is to beunderstood that the appended claims are intended to cover all suchmodifications and changes that fall within the true spirit of theinvention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for processing a notification on amobile device, comprising: assigning, using a cognitive computer system,a set of classifications to a notification received by a user on amobile device; deriving, using the cognitive computer system, auser-specific expected response action and an expected response time forthe notification based on a comparison of the set of classificationsassigned to the notification with a set of prior response profiles in anotification tracking repository by generating the expected responseaction and the expected response time for the prior response profilebased on a prior response action and a prior response time correspondingto each prior notification in the assigned classification; determiningwhether the response action has occurred during the expected responsetime; and reissuing the notification in response to a determination thatthe expected response action has not occurred during the expectedresponse time.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: obtaining,by the cognitive computer system, for each prior notification of aplurality of prior notifications received by a user, a set of assignedclassifications; grouping, by the cognitive computer system, theplurality of prior notifications corresponding to an assignedclassification; and creating, by the cognitive computer system, a priorresponse profile for the assigned classification based on the grouping.3. The method of claim 2, further comprising computing a confidencelevel associated with the expected response action and the expectedresponse time in the prior response profile.
 4. The method of claim 2,further comprising: recording a user response action in response to thereissuing; and updating the prior response profile based on the userresponse action.
 5. The method of claim 2, the assigning of the set ofclassifications further comprising: performing natural languageprocessing to determine a meaning of language included in thenotification; determining a type of communication included in thenotification; analyzing a tone of the communication; and determining asubject matter of any image data in the notification.
 6. The method ofclaim 5, wherein the set of classifications is further assigned based onan application on which the notification was received and a person fromwhich the notification was received.
 7. The method of claim 1, thereissuing further comprising providing the expected action with thenotification.
 8. A system for processing a notification on a mobiledevice, comprising: a memory medium comprising instructions; a buscoupled to the memory medium; and a processor coupled to the bus thatwhen executing the instructions causes the system to perform a method,comprising: assigning, using a cognitive computer system, a set ofclassifications to a notification received by a user on a mobile device;deriving, using the cognitive computer system, a user-specific expectedresponse action and an expected response time for the notification basedon a comparison of the set of classifications assigned to thenotification with a set of prior response profiles in a notificationtracking repository by generating the expected response action and theexpected response time for the prior response profile based on a priorresponse action and a prior response time corresponding to each priornotification in the assigned classification; determining whether theresponse action has occurred during the expected response time; andreissuing the notification in response to a determination that theexpected response action has not occurred during the expected responsetime.
 9. The system of claim 1, the method further comprising:obtaining, by the cognitive computer system, for each prior notificationof a plurality of prior notifications received by a user, a set ofassigned classifications; grouping, by the cognitive computer system,the plurality of prior notifications corresponding to an assignedclassification; and creating, by the cognitive computer system, a priorresponse profile for the assigned classification based on the grouping.10. The system of claim 9, the method further comprising computing aconfidence level associated with the expected response action and theexpected response time in the prior response profile.
 11. The system ofclaim 9, the method further comprising: recording a user response actionin response to the reissuing; and updating the prior response profilebased on the user response action.
 12. The system of claim 9, theassigning of the set of classifications further comprising: performingnatural language processing to determine a meaning of language includedin the notification; determining a type of communication included in thenotification; analyzing a tone of the communication; and determining asubject matter of any image data in the notification.
 13. The system ofclaim 12, wherein the set of classifications is further assigned basedon an application on which the notification was received and a personfrom which the notification was received.
 14. The system of claim 8, thereissuing further comprising providing the expected action with thenotification.
 15. A computer program product embodied in a computerreadable medium that, when executed by a computer device, performs amethod for processing a notification on a mobile device, the methodcomprising: assigning, using a cognitive computer system, a set ofclassifications to a notification received by a user on a mobile device;deriving, using the cognitive computer system, a user-specific expectedresponse action and an expected response time for the notification basedon a comparison of the set of classifications assigned to thenotification with a set of prior response profiles in a notificationtracking repository by generating the expected response time, and aconfidence level for the prior response profile based on a priorresponse action and a prior response time corresponding to each priornotification in the assigned classification; determining whether theresponse action has occurred during the expected response time; andreissuing the notification in response to a determination that theexpected response action has not occurred during the expected responsetime.
 16. The program product of claim 15, the method furthercomprising: obtaining, by the cognitive computer system, for each priornotification of a plurality of prior notifications received by a user, aset of assigned classifications; grouping, by the cognitive computersystem, the plurality of prior notifications corresponding to anassigned classification; and creating, by the cognitive computer system,a prior response profile for the assigned classification based on thegrouping.
 17. The program product of claim 16, the method furthercomprising: recording a user response action in response to thereissuing; and updating the prior response profile based on the userresponse action.
 18. The program product of claim 16, the assigning ofthe set of classifications further comprising: performing naturallanguage processing to determine a meaning of language included in thenotification; determining a type of communication included in thenotification; analyzing a tone of the communication; and determining asubject matter of any image data in the notification.
 19. The programproduct of claim 18, wherein the set of classifications is furtherassigned based on an application on which the notification was receivedand a person from which the notification was received.
 20. The programproduct of claim 15, the reissuing further comprising providing theexpected action with the notification.